Understanding Farmer Exemptions Under FMCSA Regulations
For many agricultural operations, compliance with Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) regulations can seem daunting. Fortunately, the FMCSA recognizes the unique needs of the farming industry and offers specific exemptions that can ease regulatory burdens for farmers and ranchers. In this blog, we'll break down the most important farmer exemptions and what they mean for agricultural carriers.
What Are FMCSA Farmer Exemptions?
FMCSA farmer exemptions are carve-outs from federal motor carrier safety regulations designed to support the agricultural industry. These exemptions allow eligible operators to perform certain transportation activities without needing a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) or without adhering to other typical motor carrier requirements.
Key Exemptions Farmers Should Know
1. Covered Farm Vehicle (CFV) Exemption
Under 49 CFR § 390.39, a vehicle qualifies as a Covered Farm Vehicle if it:
Is operated by the owner or operator of a farm/ranch, or by an employee or family member.
Is used to transport agricultural commodities, livestock, machinery, or supplies.
Is not used for for-hire transportation (with an exception for certain farm-to-market transport).
Displays a special CFV designation, if over 26,001 pounds and crossing state lines.
Benefits of CFV status:
CDL exemption (even if over 26,001 pounds).
Hours of Service (HOS) exemption.
Medical card and Drug & Alcohol testing exemptions.
Vehicle inspection and maintenance exemptions.
Note: States may apply different rules within their borders, so always check with your state's DMV or DOT.
2. Seasonal Agricultural CDL Exemption
During peak seasons, states may issue Restricted CDL exemptions for 180 days, allowing drivers to operate farm-related commercial vehicles without a full CDL. This applies to:
Drivers of Class B or C vehicles transporting farm supplies or products.
Operations within 150 miles of the farm.
3. 150 Air-Mile Radius Exemption
Farmers transporting agricultural commodities within a 150 air-mile radius of the source during planting or harvesting seasons are exempt from:
HOS requirements (i.e., logbooks, ELDs).
30-minute break rule.
This exemption can apply to for-hire and private carriers, as long as the transport is directly related to the farming operation.
Who Qualifies?
Most exemptions apply only to intrastate operations (within one state) or to family-owned or employed drivers. Operations hauling products for compensation or beyond the scope of farming (e.g., general freight) are not eligible.
Best Practices for Compliance
Document eligibility: Keep farm registration, proof of commodity transport, and CFV status paperwork in the vehicle.
Check state-specific rules: FMCSA sets the federal baseline, but states can add their own requirements.
Train drivers on safe practices even if exempt from certain rules.
Final Thoughts
Farmer exemptions are powerful tools that reduce regulatory burden, but they come with responsibilities. Misuse or misunderstanding of these exemptions can lead to violations and fines. If you’re unsure whether your operation qualifies or how to document compliance, consider consulting a trucking compliance expert.
Need help navigating exemptions or getting your fleet compliant?
Contact us today to ensure you're operating legally and efficiently—so you can focus on the work that really matters.
